Behaviorism vs. cognitive learning theory

According to behaviorism learning is a change in observable behavior that occurs as the result of experience. The goal of instruction is to increase the number of correct answers by using reinforces and punishments. Behaviorism is not able to explain how students learn language, develop critical thinking and problem solving.

Here came an evolution to the cognitive learning theory which states that learning is a change in individual’s mental structure and processes that may or may not result in an immediate change in behavior.

The six basic principles of the cognitive learning theory include:

1.      Learning and development depend on the learners’ experience.

2.      Learning is to make sense of experience.

3.      Understanding depends on what students know.

4.      Understanding is facilitated by social interaction.

5.      Learning requires practice.

6.      Concrete and real life tasks result in optimal learning.